9 problemas estomacales y gastrointestinales comunes

mujer dolorida encorvada tomándose el estómago mientras se levanta de la cama

Es posible que hayas escuchado el término y te preguntes: "¿Qué significa la sigla GI?". El tracto o sistema gastrointestinal (GI) se refiere a los órganos que conforman un tubo largo, que va desde la boca hasta el ano. El sistema ayuda a digerir y movilizar los alimentos y las bebidas por el cuerpo para obtener los nutrientes que este necesita. The GI tract is made up of your:1

  • Boca
  • Esófago
  • Estómago
  • Intestino delgado
  • Intestino grueso (colon, recto y ano)

A veces puede haber problemas que afectan el funcionamiento del tracto GI. These can also lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation.2 Knowing the different types of GI diseases and their symptoms can help you get the appropriate care if needed.


Tipos de enfermedades GI

Hay dos tipos principales de trastornos GI:

  • Funcionales
  • Estructurales

Estos pueden afectar cualquier parte del tracto GI y causar distintas afecciones y enfermedades.

Trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales

Los trastornos gastrointestinales funcionales (FGID) no parecen tener una causa física que pueda diagnosticarse con métodos estándar como análisis de sangre, radiografías u otras pruebas por imágenes. Instead, FGIDs are thought to be caused by a combination of abnormal muscle contractions, sensitive nerves, and brain-gut dysfunction, which affects communications between the brain and GI tract:3,4 Examples of these disorders include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).5

Trastornos gastrointestinales estructurales

Por otro lado, los trastornos gastrointestinales estructurales (SGID) son causadas por cambios físicos del tracto GI, que provocan síntomas. Estos trastornos pueden detectarse con pruebas por imágenes y/o análisis de sangre. Examples of SGIDs include tumors, strictures (narrowing of the tract), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).5


9 afecciones estomacales habituales

A continuación hay una lista de 9 afecciones estomacales habituales y sus signos y síntomas.

1. Diverticulitis

La diverticulitis es una inflamación de pequeños sacos o bolsas (llamados divertículos) en la parte inferior del colon que se protruyen hacia afuera en los puntos débiles. Symptoms of this condition include pain and cramping in the lower left abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and fever.6

2. Enfermedad de Crohn (CD)

La CD es una enfermedad crónica que causa inflamación e irritación, principalmente en el intestino delgado y en el intestino grueso. Common symptoms of CD include abdominal pain and cramping, weight loss, and diarrhea.7,8

3. Colitis ulcerosa (UC)

La UC es otra enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, pero afecta principalmente al intestino grueso (colon). Symptoms of UC include abdominal pain and cramping, bloody stools, diarrhea, and constantly feeling the urge to have a bowel movement even if your bowel is empty.9,10

4. Síndrome de intestino irritable (IBS)

El IBS se refiere a un grupo de síntomas GI que se presentan juntos, causan dolor abdominal y afectan la defecación. Depending on the type of IBS you have, you may experience painful bowel movements with diarrhea, constipation, or both.11,12

5. GERD (ardor estomacal y reflujo ácido)

La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (GERD) se refiere a un reflujo crónico e intenso de ácido provocado porque el ácido del estómago vuelve a subir al esófago. Symptoms of GERD include stomach pain, heartburn, chest pain, nausea, and regurgitation (food coming back up your esophagus and into your throat or mouth).13,14

6. Úlcera estomacal (úlcera péptica)

Las úlceras estomacales son llagas que se forman en el recubrimiento del estómago o la primera parte del intestino delgado (duodeno). Symptoms of these ulcers include nausea, vomiting, bloating, severe stomach pain, and feeling full early in a meal or after eating.15,16

7. Úlcera (general)

Las úlceras también pueden formarse en otras partes del tracto GI, incluido el esófago. Symptoms of esophageal ulcers include chest pain, nausea, vomiting, pain when swallowing, and feeling like food is stuck in your throat. 17

8. Sangrado estomacal

El sangrado estomacal es un síntoma de muchas enfermedades del tracto GI. Symptoms can include bright red bloody vomit, abdominal cramps, vomit that looks similar to coffee grounds, black or tar-like stools, bright red or dark blood in stools, and shortness of breath.18

9. Gastritis

La gastritis es la inflamación de las paredes del estómago. Los síntomas de gastritis incluyen dolor abdominal, pérdida de apetito, náuseas, vómitos y pérdida de peso. Breakdown of the stomach lining or ulcers may also cause stomach bleeding.19,20


El acetaminofén y los problemas estomacales

El acetaminofén, el ingrediente activo de TYLENOL®, es un analgésico efectivo y es seguro cuando se lo utiliza según las instrucciones. It can be a good pain relief option for those with stomach problems.21

Por qué TYLENOL® puede ser una mejor opción

Para quienes tienen antecedentes de problemas estomacales, TYLENOL® puede ser una opción más apropiada para el alivio del dolor que ALEVE®, Advil®, o MOTRIN® (las marcas comerciales de terceros son propiedad de sus respectivos propietarios). It’s the #1 doctor recommended pain reliever brand for people with stomach problems because it is safe, gentle, and doesn’t irritate the stomach like the way ALEVE® or even Advil® or MOTRIN® can.

You can learn more about why TYLENOL® can be a good pain relief choice for those with stomach issues by clicking here.

Cuándo consultar con tu médico

Consulta con tu médico si tienes alguna pregunta o inquietud sobre tus síntomas o para saber si TYLENOL® es lo indicado para ti. TYLENOL® brinda un fuerte alivio del dolor y es delicado para el estómago.

Las marcas comerciales de terceros son propiedad de sus respectivos propietarios.



Contenido relacionado


Referencias

1. Fikree A, Byrne P. Management of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Clin Med (Lond). 2-21;21(1):44-52.

2. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Digestive Disorders. Accessed from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/digestive-disorders

3. Dalton C. Question: What is a Functional GI Disorder? UNC Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders. Accessed from: https://www.med.unc.edu/ibs/wp-content/uploads/sites/450/2017/10/What-Is-Functional-GI.pdf

4.Cleveland Clinic. Gastrointestinal Diseases. January 14, 2021. Accessed from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/7040-gastrointestinal-diseases

5. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Your Digestive System & How it Works. December 2017. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works

6. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of Diverticular Disease. August 2021. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/diverticulosis-diverticulitis/symptoms-causes

7. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Definition & Facts for Crohn’s Disease. September 2017. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/crohns-disease/definition-facts

8. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of Crohn’s Disease. September 2017. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/crohns-disease/symptoms-causes

9. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Definition & Facts of Ulcerative Colitis. September 2020. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis/definition-facts

10. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of Ulcerative Colitis. September 2020. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis/symptoms-causes

11. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Definition & Facts for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. November 2017. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/definition-facts

12. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. November 2017. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/symptoms-causes

13. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Definition & Facts for GER and GERD. July 2020. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/definition-facts

14. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of GER & GERD. July 2020. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/symptoms-causes

15. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Definition & Facts for Peptic Ulcers (Stomach or Duodenal Ulcers). September 2022. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/definition-facts

16. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of Peptic Ulcers (Stomach or Duodenal Ulcers). September 2022. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/peptic-ulcers-stomach-ulcers/symptoms-causes

17. UC San Diego Health. Esophageal Ulcer. September 1, 2021. Accessed from: https://myhealth.ucsd.edu/3,40532

18. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of GI Bleeding. July 2016. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastrointestinal-bleeding/symptoms-causes

19. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Definition & Facts for Gastritis & Gastropathy. August 2019. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy/definition-facts

20 . National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Symptoms & Causes of Gastritis & Gastropathy. August 2019. Accessed from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/gastritis-gastropathy/symptoms-causes

21. Cleveland Clinic. Food Intolerance. August 11, 2021. Accessed from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21688-food-intolerance